Abbreviations

1. Modern Authors and Editors

Aland-Aland = The Text of the New Testament, An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism, by Kurt Aland and Barbara Aland (Grand Rapids, 1987; 2nd ed., 1989).

Bauer-Arndt-Gingrich-Danker = A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature; A Translation and Adaptation of Walter Bauer�s Griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch zu den Schriften des Neuen Testaments und der übrigen urchristlichen Literatur, 4te Aufl., 1952, by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich, 2nd ed., revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker from Walter Bauer�s 5th ed., 1958 (Chicago and Cambridge, 1969).

Black, Aramaic Approach = An Aramaic Approach to the Gospels and Acts, by Matthew Black (Oxford, 1946; 3rd ed., 1967).

Blass-Debrunner-Funk = A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature; A Translation and Revision of F. Blass and A. Debrunner�s ninth-tenth German edition � by Robert W. Funk (Chicago, 1961).

Bruce = The Acts of the Apostles; the Greek Text with Introduction and Commentary, by F. F. Bruce (London, 1951); 3rd ed., 1990.

Clark = The Acts of the Apostles; A Critical Edition with Introduction and Notes on Selected Passages, by Albert C. Clark (Oxford, 1933).

Haenchen = Die Apostelgeschichte, neu übersetzt und erklärt von Ernst Haenchen, 5te Aufl. (Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar über das Neue Testament, begründet von H. A. W. Meyer; Göttingen, 1965); English trans. (Philadelphia, 1971).

Harris = Codex Bezae, a Study of the So-Called Western Text of the New Testament, by J. Rendel Harris (Texts and Studies, vol. ii; Cambridge, 1891).

Hort = F. J. A. Hort�s "Notes on Select Readings," in The New Testament in the Original Greek, the Text Revised by Brooke Foss Westcott and Fenton John Anthony Hort; [vol. ii] Introduction [and] Appendix (Cambridge and London, 1881; 2nd ed., 1896).

Lake and Cadbury = The Beginnings of Christianity; Part I, The Acts of the Apostles, ed. by F. J. Foakes Jackson and Kirsopp Lake; vol. iv, English Translation and Commentary, by Kirsopp Lake and Henry J. Cadbury (London, 1933).

Metzger = The Text of the New Testament, Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration, by Bruce M. Metzger (Oxford, 1964; 3rd ed., 1992).

Moulton, Prolegomena = A Grammar of New Testament Greek, by James Hope Moulton; vol. i, Prolegomena (Edinburgh, 1906; 3rd ed., 1908).

Moulton-Howard, Grammar = A Grammar of New Testament Greek, by James Hope Moulton and Wilbert Francis Howard; vol. ii, Accidence and Word-Formation (Edinburgh, 1929).

Moulton and Milligan = The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament Illustrated from the Papyri and Other Non-Literary Sources, by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan (London, 1930).

Moulton-Turner = A Grammar of New Testament Greek, by James Hope Moulton; vol. iii, Syntax, by Nigel Turner (Edinburgh, 1963).

Ropes = The Text of Acts, by James Hardy Ropes, being vol. iii of The Beginnings of Christianity; Part I, The Acts of the Apostles, ed. by F. J. Foakes Jackson and Kirsopp Lake (London, 1926).

Torrey = The Composition and Date of Acts, by C. C. Torrey (Harvard Theological Studies, vol. i; Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1916).

Turner = (see Moulton-Turner).

Weiss, Der Codex D = Der Codex D in der Apostelgeschichte; Textkritische Untersuchungen, by Bernhard Weiss (Texte und Untersuchungen, Neue Folge, ii. Band; Leipzig, 1899).

Westcott and Hort, Introduction = The New Testament in the Original Greek, the Text Revised by Brooke Foss Westcott and Fenton John Anthony Hort; [vol. ii] Introduction [and] Appendix (Cambridge and London, 1881; 2nd ed., 1896).

Zuntz = The Text of the Epistles; a Disquisition upon the Corpus Paulinum, by G. Zuntz (London, 1953).

2. Other Abbreviations

ad loc.

= ad locum (at the passage)

al

= alia (other witnesses)

ASV = American Standard Version (1901)

AV = Authorized or King James Version (1611)

bis

= twice

cf. = confer (compare)

e. g. = exempli gratia (for example)

hiat

= is lacking (used of a passage in a fragmentary manuscript)

i. e. = id est (that is)

NEB = New English Bible (New Testament, 1961)

NRSV = New Revised Standard Version (1990)

REB = Revised English Bible (1989)

RSV = Revised Standard Version (New Testament, 1946)

s.v.

= sub voce (under the word)

ter

= three times

vid

= videtur (it seems; used to indicate that the reading is not certain, especially in a damaged manuscript)

For the abbreviations of the titles of the books of the Bible, and the sigla of manuscripts and early versions of the New Testament, see the Introduction in The Greek New Testament (fourth revised edition), supplemented by the sigla of witnesses listed in the Appendix at the close of the present volume. For further information concerning individual Greek manuscripts cited in the apparatus, see Caspar René Gregory, Textkritik des Neuen Testamentes, 3 vols. (Leipzig, 1900�09); Kurt Aland, Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testaments: i. Gesamtübersicht (Berlin, 1963); and Kurt Aland and Barbara Aland, The Text of the New Testament; An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism, translated by Erroil F. Rhodes, 2nd ed., revised and enlarged (Grand Rapids � Leiden, 1989).

N. B.: When the siglum of a manuscript is enclosed within parentheses, this means that the manuscript supports the reading in most respects but differs in some unimportant detail or details.

It should be observed that, in accord with the theory that members of f  and f  were subject to progressive accommodation to the later Byzantine text, scholars have established the text of these families by adopting readings of family witnesses that differ from the Textus Receptus. Therefore the citation of the siglum f  or f  may, in any given instance, signify a minority of manuscripts (or even only one) that belong to the family.